Arcade game machine cabinets, the iconic housings that defined a generation of gaming, were constructed from specific materials chosen for durability, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturing efficiency. The most common material by far was wood, particularly plywood and particle board.

Plywood, specifically medium-density overlay (MDO) plywood, was a prime choice for many manufacturers. Its layered construction provided excellent structural strength, resisting warping and damage from constant movement and abuse. The smooth overlay surface was also ideal for directly applying laminated artwork and graphics. For other cabinets, especially later models or cost-sensitive units, particle board or Medium-Density Fibreboard (MDF) were frequently used. These engineered woods offered a perfectly smooth and uniform surface, making them excellent for vinyl decals and laminates, though they were more susceptible to moisture damage if not properly sealed.

Beyond the primary wood structure, metals played a critical role in specific components. The control panel, which endures the most physical stress from players, was often reinforced with a steel plate underneath the wood. This provided a solid mounting base for joysticks and buttons and prevented the wood from cracking. Coin doors, locking mechanisms, and internal brackets were almost exclusively made from steel for security and durability.

Finally, the exterior finish was crucial for the cabinet's appearance and resilience. Formica and other plastic laminates were widely applied to the wood surfaces. This created a hard, scratch-resistant, and easy-to-clean finish that could withstand the environment of an arcade. For side art, screened vinyl decals were the standard, allowing for vibrant, full-color graphics to be mass-produced and applied directly to the laminated surface. This combination of a sturdy wood core, metal reinforcements, and a durable laminated exterior is what made classic arcade cabinets so resilient and long-lasting.