Arcade game machines, renowned for their standardized controls, present a unique challenge for players seeking custom control schemes. Unlike modern consoles with built-in software remapping, classic arcade hardware typically lacks this native flexibility. The primary method for customization is through direct hardware modification. Enthusiasts and professional modders can rewire the arcade cabinet's internal joystick and button connections to a new, custom-built control panel. This allows for complete layout changes, such as converting a four-button fighter layout into a six-button configuration or even integrating specialized controllers for games like racing or light-gun shooters.

Another prevalent solution is the use of universal adapter boards or programmable interfaces. Devices like the J-PAC or various Arduino-based solutions sit between the original arcade board and the control inputs. They translate signals from non-standard controllers—such as fight sticks, gamepads, or even keyboard encoders—into a language the arcade machine understands. This method is less invasive than rewiring and allows players to quickly switch between different control schemes.

For modern arcade machines, particularly those based on PC platforms like those found in arcade chains or barcades, software-level control remapping becomes possible. The game's software, often running on a Windows or Linux operating system, can detect input from any connected USB controller. Players can then reconfigure controls within the game's settings menu, similar to a home PC game. This offers the greatest flexibility but is generally limited to newer, more open-architecture systems.

A significant driver for custom controls is accessibility. Organizations and modders develop alternative input devices—such as sip-and-puff systems, large button interfaces, or joysticks operated by chin or foot—to make arcade gaming inclusive for players with limited mobility. These solutions almost always require external hardware that interfaces with the machine, bypassing the original controls entirely.

Ultimately, handling custom schemes on arcade hardware is less about the machine's inherent capability and more about the ingenuity of the player and modding community. While classic dedicated cabinets resist change, the ecosystem of adapters, mods, and modern hardware ensures that players are not permanently bound to a single control scheme.