Arcade machines incorporate light guns through sophisticated technology that creates immersive shooting experiences. Traditional light guns function by synchronizing with CRT monitor refresh rates - when the trigger is pulled, the screen momentarily blacks out while the gun's optical sensor detects the bright target square that appears at the aimed position. This coordination allows the system to precisely calculate where the player is aiming.

Modern arcades have evolved to use alternative technologies like infrared sensor bars mounted around the screen that track gun positioning through triangulation, or light-emitting diodes embedded in the gun itself that cameras track. Beyond light guns, arcades incorporate specialized controllers including steering wheels with force feedback, dance pads with pressure sensors, flight sticks with analog controls, and unique interfaces like time crisis's pedal cover system.

These specialized controllers connect through custom I/O boards that translate physical inputs into game commands. The mechanical components are built to withstand constant public use, featuring industrial-grade microswitches, reinforced wiring, and durable housings. Calibration processes ensure accuracy, with many games featuring built-in calibration screens to maintain targeting precision. This dedication to specialized controller integration remains a defining characteristic of the arcade experience, providing tactile feedback and immersion that home systems struggle to replicate.